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What Is Stiff-Person Syndrome?

Singer Celine Dion’s rare disorder affects the muscles, making movement more difficult

spinner image close up of Celine Dion at the World Premiere of Disney's Beauty and the Beast before her stiff person syndrome diagnosis
Bravo Media, LLC / Getty Images

It’s been about a year and a half since famed singer Celine Dion revealed that she had been diagnosed with a rare neurological disorder known as stiff-person syndrome. Now the Grammy Award–winning artist is sharing more about her struggles with the disease and the effect it’s had on her life and her music.

“It’s been very difficult, very painful,” Dion, 56, told NBC’s Hoda Kotb in a June 11 interview ahead of the release of her forthcoming documentary, I Am: Celine Dion. Still, Dion says she has plans to one day return to the stage — “even if I have to crawl, even if I have to talk with my hands,” she told Kotb.

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What are the symptoms of stiff-person syndrome?

In December 2022, Dion opened up about her diagnosis in an emotional video posted on Instagram, where the singer explained that she’d been battling health issues for a while, including severe and persistent muscle spasms that interfered with her performing.

“Unfortunately, the spasms affect every aspect of my daily life, sometimes causing difficulties when I walk and not allowing me to use my vocal cords to sing the way I’m used to,” Dion said in the video.

Muscle spasms are a common symptom of stiff-person syndrome, which also has features of an autoimmune disease and is estimated to affect fewer than 5,000 people in the U.S., according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

“The body, for some reason, starts to fight itself in an autoimmune type of way, where it will attack the nerves in the muscles, causing [them] to be more sensitive and overactive and stiff,” explains Desimir Mijatovic, M.D., a pain specialist with the Cleveland Clinic.

The trunk and the abdominal muscles are typically the first to stiffen, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The muscles in the limbs, even the face, can also be affected. Depending on the areas of the body that are impacted, “it can become difficult to move around,” Mijatovic says, “so this can cause a lot of problems for people in their daily lives.”

Stimuli like noise, stress and touch can trigger the stiff muscles to spasm. (These spasms can occur for no reason, too.) Some people experience spasms so severe that the force generated can fracture a bone or cause them to fall, the NIH says.

Who is at risk?

Stiff-person syndrome is extremely rare, affecting about 1 in a million people, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Symptoms — which can range from mild to severe — can develop at any age, but the condition is most commonly seen in adults between the ages of 30 and 60.

Twice as many women as men are affected by stiff-person syndrome. The disorder is also more likely to occur in people with other types of autoimmune diseases, including diabetes, thyroiditis, vitiligo (loss of skin color) and pernicious anemia, and certain cancers, including breastlung, kidney, thyroid and colon, as well as Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Scientists don’t know what, exactly, causes stiff-person syndrome, and there’s no known way to prevent it.

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How is stiff-person syndrome diagnosed?

When it comes to early warning signs, Mijatovic says people typically notice that “their muscles aren’t working like they used to.” They may have trouble walking or may fall more often.

There are other conditions that cause similar problems, Mijatovic says, “so if you are having any issues or concerns or questions, it’s very important to talk to your doctor about them to make sure that nothing’s being missed and that you’re being taken care of appropriately.”

Blood tests, a spinal fluid analysis and a test that measures electrical activity in your muscles can help confirm a diagnosis of stiff-person syndrome.

Is stiff-person syndrome curable?

There is no cure for the disorder, but many patients find some symptom relief with medications that can relax the muscles and the nerves. Certain devices, such as walkers and canes, can help with mobility, Mijatovic says. Physical therapy, occupational therapy and aqua therapy can also help patients manage the syndrome, according to Yale Medicine.

Editor’s note: This story, first published Dec. 9, 2022, has been updated to reflect new information.