New Report Pans Supplements for Brain Health

The report analyzes existing studies on supplements that purport to boost cognition — from fish oil to apoaequorin (jellyfish), with the authors finding insufficient evidence to recommend any type of supplement for brain health for most adults. They do, however, note that small studies have shown that DHA (an omega-3 fatty acid) supplements may benefit those who already have mild cognitive impairment, which is often a precursor of Alzheimer's.

Overall, the authors stress, vitamins or nutrients that might be helpful in preserving brain health should be consumed as food. They note at least a few studies have shown that those who eat seafood have a lower risk of declining memory and thinking skills — as well as Alzheimer's — a benefit not obtained from taking omega-3 as a supplement.

Brain health experts answered your vitamin questions. View the discussion!

There is, however, one key exception to the report's overall caution against supplements for brain health, and it's for those who are diagnosed as being deficient in things like B12, or B9, also known as folate. For those individuals only, supplements may be helpful for brain health. Deficiencies of B12, for instance, have been associated with cognitive function problems, including dementia.

About 5 to 15 percent of Americans over age 50 have a B12 deficiency, which Petersen explains is often related to a gastrointestinal absorption problem and which can also be influenced by factors like aging. “You could have this deficiency and not know it,” he says, adding that a vegan diet or gastric bypass surgery, for example, could cause you to not get enough of the vitamin or prevent your system from absorbing it sufficiently.

A simple blood test by your doctor can determine if you have a deficiency, which can be eliminated with either B12 supplements or shots, sometimes resulting in a reversal of cognitive symptoms.

Beyond the risk of wasting your money on something that won't make you one wit sharper, the report also warns against “vague or exaggerated claims about brain health” for some supplements as well as potential product impurities and inaccurate ingredient labels.

Finally, the GCBH experts urge those with certain other health conditions — as listed below — to be “especially careful about taking dietary supplements.”

People on blood thinners or certain other medications. Such medications include blood thinners, heart medications, steroids and drugs that affect the immune system. Sudden increases in your vitamin K intake, for example, decrease the effect of the blood thinner Coumadin. More generally, Petersen says, supplements and other medications that need to be metabolized by organs like your kidneys and liver can “compete” for limited metabolic function, potentially “affecting the levels and performance of other drugs you're taking.”

People who are about to have surgery. The report cites warnings from the American College of Surgeons that herbal medications such as echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, kava, saw palmetto, St. John's wort and valerian can increase risks during surgery.

People who have cancer. “Some vitamins and supplements may make your condition worse,” the authors write, adding that antioxidant vitamins such as vitamins E and C may reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

People who have mild cognitive impairment. While acknowledging that melatonin supplements have proven at least somewhat useful in helping many boomers get to sleep (which in turn might help preserve their brain health), the authors cite studies showing that taking the hormone supplement if you are cognitively impaired increases the risk of falls and other adverse events.