7 Types of Bottled Water

Some sparkling waters, seltzer waters, tonics and club soda aren’t included as bottled water under FDA regulations. They are considered soft drinks.

Although experts say bottled water is generally safe, there are a few concerns.

Filtered water may remove fluoride, which is safe to drink and helps prevent tooth decay. Sometimes, manufacturers will reintroduce minerals after purification.

Microplastics are substances used to give plastic bottles transparency, shape and flexibility. A possible link between plastics and disruption of the endocrine system and thyroid is under investigation.

“Growing evidence shows that microplastics negatively affect the endocrine, reproductive and immune systems, as well as bacteria found in the gut. The thyroid plays a role in regulating almost all organs in the body, and long-term exposure to plastics negatively affects its ability to regulate growth, development, metabolism and reproduction,” Johnson says.

Here’s a breakdown on seven popular varieties of bottled water.

1. Spring water

Spring water originates from rainwater that moves underground and is filtered naturally by rock and minerals. After it is pushed up to the ground’s surface, the water is collected in springs. Per FDA regulations, when manufacturers bottle and sell it, it must have the same composition and quality as the spring water at its source.

The amount of minerals in spring water isn’t substantial, so it doesn’t provide additional health benefits compared with other water. However, many people enjoy the taste.

2. Mineral water

To be labeled mineral water, this type of bottled water must contain at least 250 parts per million total dissolved solids. It differs from other types of bottled water due to minerals and trace elements that are present at the water source. Minerals cannot be added later, according to FDA rules.

3. Alkaline water 

Multiple brands manufacture alkaline water, which is altered to a higher pH. Alkaline water can be more expensive than other bottled water, but studies have yet to prove its health benefits. Some claim it can neutralize acid in the bloodstream, give better workout recovery and help prevent disease. A 2021 Iranian study found it may improve bone density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The science on these claims is limited, and studies are generally small or in animals, not humans. Larger studies are needed to evaluate any potential health benefits.

“The body does an incredible job at keeping our pH within a very tight and controlled range. Consuming more alkaline water will not shift your pH outside of its normal range,” says Jen Hernandez, a registered dietitian who specializes in helping people with kidney disease.

Some suggest drinking alkaline water may help those who suffer from acid reflux, but Hernandez is skeptical.

“Adding this type of water into a very acidic environment, like the stomach, which is supposed to be producing acid to help us with digestion and breaking down foods, is almost counterintuitive,” Hernandez says.

4. Water with vitamins

Some manufacturers enhance water with vitamins. This water usually comes in sugar-sweetened and sugar-free options. In some brands, a 20-fluid-ounce bottle has up to 27 grams of added sugar (50–100 percent of the daily recommended limit), so those watching sugar content should check labels. Sugar-free options use stevia, monk fruit or artificial sweeteners.

Vitamin-infused waters may contain more than 100 percent of the daily recommended value of vitamins B and C. These are water-soluble vitamins, meaning that the kidneys will excrete any excess in your urine.

“So you’re just going to pay for expensive urine at that point. ... Your body is going to say, ‘I don't need this quantity,’ ” Hernandez says. “It is ideal to get our vitamins from foods as they provide many other benefits and nutrients.”

5. Electrolyte water

Sports drinks are intended for athletes who lose a lot of fluid and electrolytes through sweat. Such drinks often aren’t necessary for moderate exercisers or sedentary people. Electrolyte water may be beneficial short-term under certain circumstances, such as when people are exercising for long periods, have prolonged exposure to heat or are ill with vomiting and diarrhea. Experts say regular water is usually sufficient for meeting moderate exercise hydration needs.

6. Hydrogen water

Hydrogen water is plain water with hydrogen gas added to it. The water can be bought with the hydrogen in it, or people can purchase hydrogen tablets to add to water at home.

Hydrogen water is gaining interest due to its potential health benefits. A 2024 review of studies found that it may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as improve physical endurance. Most studies have been small, and research is mixed. Further rigorous research is needed to confirm any benefits.

7. Purified water

Plain bottled water is not merely tap water in a bottle, although some bottled water does come from municipal sources. To be labeled purified, the water goes into a production plant and through a process that can include distillation, deionization or reverse osmosis, according to the International Bottled Water Association. It is then sold in individual, sanitary, sealed containers.

Is one type better?

Most people get the electrolytes and minerals they need from food, not fluids. The amount in drinking water is relatively low and not enough to meet our dietary needs.

Is there a best daily drinking water? Some say the right water is the one you will drink. Many people enjoy the taste and convenience of bottled water and prefer it to tap water.

On the other hand, purified, highly regulated, readily available tap water is likely coming from your kitchen faucet. With additional home filters, cost-effective tap water is an excellent daily drinking choice, and there are no toxins from plastic bottles.

Having a pitcher of filtered tap water on the counter at home, in sight as a reminder, can be great for hydration needs, Hernandez says.